Profile Specifications
Functional Area A: Basic Bibliographic Search and Retrieval in Online Library Catalogs
This Functional Area specifies three levels of conformance for Z39.50 clients and servers. Each level is based on the specifications from the Bath Profile. Differences that may exist between the U.S. National and the Bath Profiles are indicated by noting Bath and U.S. specifications, BL and US respectively. This page addresses Level 1 requirements.
Level 1: Search and Retrieval Requirements
Level 1 inherits all search and retrieval requirements from Level 0. Level 1 also defines additional requirements.
Z39.50 Version 3 is required.
Level 1 requires Z-clients and Z-servers to recognize Character Set and Language Negotiation.
Level 1 requires Z-clients and Z-servers to support SCAN.
Level 1 Search Requirements
Level 1 searching requirements inherits all searches defined in Level 0, and requires the following bib-1 Attributes Types and Values:
Attribute Type Attribute Values Attribute Names Use (1) 4, 7, 8, 12, 21, 31, 54, 1003, 1007, 1016, 1031 title, ISBN, ISSN, local number, subject heading, date of publication, code-language, author, identifier-standard, any, material-type Relation (2) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 less than, less than or equal, equal, greater than or equal, greater than Position (3) 1, 3 first in field, any position in field Structure (4) 1, 2, 4, 101 phrase, word, year, normalized Truncation (5) 1, 100 right truncation, do not truncate Completeness (6) 1, 3 incomplete subfield, complete field
[NOTE: I will update this table with the values for the controlled vocabularies when we decide which ones we'll address for searching below.]
Combinations of these Attributes Types and Values express the semantics of 24 Level 1 searches:
BL1.1. Author Search — Precision Match for Established Name Heading with Right Truncation
BL1.2. Author Search — Keyword [Note: The Bath Profile Level 1 Author Search -- Keyword is defined as a U.S. Level 0 search and is therefore not listed here.]
BL1.3. Author Search — Keyword with Right Truncation
BL1.4. Author Search — Exact Match
US1.1. Author Search — First Characters in Field (Left-Anchored with Truncation)
BL1.5. Title Search — Keyword with Right Truncation
BL1.6. Title Search — Exact Match
BL1.7. Title Search — First Words in Field
BL1.8. Title Search — First Characters in Field
BL1.9. Subject Search — Keyword with Right Truncation
BL1.10. Subject Search — Exact Match
BL1.11. Subject Search — First Words in Field
BL1.12. Subject Search — First Characters in Field
BL1.13. Any Search — Keyword with Right Truncation
BL1.14. Standard Identifier Search
US1.2. ISBN Search
US1.3. ISSN Search
US1.4. Remote System Record Number Search
BL1.15. Date of Publication Search
US1.5. Format of Material Search - Keyword [Note: This is a Bath Profile Level 2 search]
US1.6. Language Search [Note: This is a Bath Profile Level 2 search]
*US1.7. Controlled Vocabulary Search -- Keyword with Right Truncation
*US1.8. Controlled Vocabulary Search -- Exact Match
*US1.9. Controlled Vocabulary Search -- First Words in Field
* These are pattern searches for use with one or more controlled vocabularies.
The following list contains the specifications for expressing these searches.
BL1.1. Author Search — Precision Match for Established Name Heading with Right Truncation
Use: Searches for complete word(s) in order specified in fields that contain a name of a person or entity responsible for a resource. The words as specified may appear anywhere in the field as long as the order is preserved. Makes no assumption about whether the search term is in an authorized or unauthorized form (i.e., makes no attempt to reprocess the term before attempting a match against the specified indexes that contain names in authorized form that may have been established according to cataloging rules such as AACR2 ). Example: the search term "aardt j" will retrieve resources indexed "Aardt, J", "Aardt J.H.A.", "Van Aardt, J." and "Aardt, Jan."
Attribute Type Attribute Values Attribute Names Use (1) 1003 author Relation (2) 3 equal Position (3) 3 any position in field Structure (4) 101 normalized Truncation (5) 1 right truncation Completeness (6) 1 incomplete subfield
BL1.2. Author Search — Keyword [Note: The Bath Profile Level 1 Author Search -- Keyword is defined as a U.S. Level 0 search and is therefore not listed here.]
BL1.3. Author Search — Keyword with Right Truncation
Use: Searches for complete word beginning with the specified character string in fields that contain the name of a person or entity responsible for a resource.
Attribute Type Attribute Values Attribute Names Use (1) 1003 author Relation (2) 3 equal Position (3) 3 any position in field Structure (4) 2 word Truncation (5) 1 right truncation Completeness (6) 1 incomplete subfield
BL1.4. Author Search — Exact Match
Use: Searches for the complete string as specified in fields that contain a name of a person or entity responsible for a resource. This search is needed to conduct a follow-up search when the user selects terms from an author index (e.g., from a Scan).
Attribute Type Attribute Values Attribute Names Use (1) 1003 author Relation (2) 3 equal Position (3) 1 first in field Structure (4) 1 phrase Truncation (5) 100 do not truncate Completeness (6) 3 complete field
US1.1. Author Search — First Characters in Field (Left-Anchored with Truncation)
Use: Searches for the specified character string in author fields. The field must begin with the specified character string. This search is useful when the searcher wants to retrieve all names beginning with a common stem.
Attribute Type Attribute Values Attribute Names Use (1) 1003 author Relation (2) 3 equal Position (3) 1 first in field Structure (4) 1 phrase Truncation (5) 1 right truncation Completeness (6) 1 incomplete subfield
BL1.5. Title Search — Keyword with Right Truncation
Use: Searches for complete word beginning with the specified character string in fields that contain a title of a resource.
Attribute Type Attribute Values Attribute Names Use (1) 4 title Relation (2) 3 equal Position (3) 3 any position in field Structure (4) 2 word Truncation (5) 1 right truncation Completeness (6) 1 incomplete subfield
BL1.6. Title Search — Exact Match
Use: Searches in fields that contain a title of a resource for an exact match on the complete string as specified. This search is useful for one or two word titles, often serials, where a less precise search may retrieve a very large result set. This search is also needed to conduct a follow-up search when the user selects terms from a full title index (e.g., from a Scan).
Note: The exact match title search may result in zero results if the server indexes an entire field including the statement of responsibility (i.e., information about the person(s) or entities responsible for the intellectual creation of the resource).
Attribute Type Attribute Values Attribute Names Use (1) 4 title Relation (2) 3 equal Position (3) 1 first in field Structure (4) 1 phrase Truncation (5) 100 do not truncate Completeness (6) 3 complete field
BL1.7. Title Search — First Words in Field
Use: Searches for complete word(s) in the order specified in fields that contain a title of a resource. The field must begin with the specified character string. This search is useful when the beginning words in a title are known to the user.
Attribute Type Attribute Values Attribute Names Use (1) 4 title Relation (2) 3 equal Position (3) 1 first in field Structure (4) 1 phrase Truncation (5) 100 do not truncate Completeness (6) 1 incomplete subfield
BL1.8. Title Search — First Characters in Field
Use: Searches for the specified character string in fields that contain a title of a resource. The field must begin with the specified character string. This search is useful when the beginning words in a title are known to the user but the users is not sure of the form or spelling of a particular word. For example, 'cat behav' will retrieve resources with titles beginning 'cat behavior' or 'cat behaviour'.
Attribute Type Attribute Values Attribute Names Use (1) 4 title Relation (2) 3 equal Position (3) 1 first in field Structure (4) 1 phrase Truncation (5) 1 right truncation Completeness (6) 1 incomplete subfield
BL1.9. Subject Search — Keyword with Right Truncation
Use: Searches for complete word beginning with the specified character string in subject fields of a record.
Attribute Type Attribute Values Attribute Name Use (1) 21 subject heading Relation (2) 3 equal Position (3) 3 any position in field Structure (4) 2 word Truncation (5) 1 right truncation Completeness (6) 1 incomplete subfield
BL1.10. Subject Search — Exact Match
Use: Searches in subject fields for the complete string as specified. This search is useful for limiting searches to a precise subject, especially where fields contain subheadings. This search is needed to conduct a follow-up search when the user selects terms from a subject heading index (e.g., from a Scan).
Attribute Type Attribute Values Attribute Names Use (1) 21 subject heading Relation (2) 3 equal Position (3) 1 first in field Structure (4) 1 phrase Truncation (5) 100 do not truncate Completeness (6) 3 complete field
BL1.11. Subject Search — First Words in Field
Use: Searches for complete word(s) in the order specified in subject fields. The field must begin with the specified character string. This search is useful when the searcher knows the main subject heading but not sub-headings.
Attribute Type Attribute Values Attribute Names Use (1) 21 subject heading Relation (2) 3 equal Position (3) 1 first in field Structure (4) 1 phrase Truncation (5) 100 do not truncate Completeness (6) 1 incomplete subfield
BL1.12. Subject Search — First Characters in Field
Use: Searches for the specified character string in subject fields. The field must begin with the specified character string. This search is useful when the searcher wants to retrieve all headings beginning with a common stem. For example, 'catalog' will retrieve resources on 'cataloging', 'catalog cards', 'catalog use', etc.
Attribute Type Attribute Values Attribute Names Use (1) 21 subject heading Relation (2) 3 equal Position (3) 1 first in field Structure (4) 1 phrase Truncation (5) 1 right truncation Completeness (6) 1 incomplete subfield
BL1.13. Any Search — Keyword with Right Truncation
Use: Searches for complete word beginning with the specified character string in fields that are commonly used as access points (as defined by the server). Any searches comprising more than one keyword are interpreted in such a way that the terms may exist in the same or different attributes.
Example: a search on "Dick AND Twi" might conceivably find "Dickens" in the Author Use Attribute (1003) and "Twist" in the Title Use Attribute (4).
Attribute Type Attribute Values Attribute Name Use (1) 1016 any Relation (2) 3 equal Position (3) 3 any position in field Structure (4) 2 word Truncation (5) 1 right truncation Completeness (6) 1 incomplete subfield
BL1.14. Standard Identifier Search
Use: Searches standard identifiers such as ISBN, ISSN, Music Standard numbers, CODEN, Superintendent of Documents Item Number, etc., but does not identify a specific standard number scheme. Servers can choose which standard identifiers to index to support this search.
Attribute Type Attribute Values Attribute Names Use (1) 1007 identifier-standard Relation (2) 3 equal Position (3) 1 first in field Structure (4) 1 phrase Truncation (5) 100 do not truncate Completeness (6) 1 incomplete subfield
US1.2. ISBN Search
Use: Searches for a complete ISBN.
Attribute Type Attribute Value Attribute Name Use (1) 7 ISBN Relation (2) 3 equal Position (3) 1 first in field Structure (4) 1 phrase Truncation (5) 100 do not truncate Completeness (6) 1 incomplete subfield
US1.3. ISSN Search
Use: Searches for a complete ISSN.
Attribute Type Attribute Value Attribute Name Use (1) 8 ISSN Relation (2) 3 equal Position (3) 1 first in field Structure (4) 1 phrase Truncation (5) 100 do not truncate Completeness (6) 1 incomplete subfield
US1.4. Remote System Record Number Search
Use: Searches for a complete local system record number.
Attribute Type Attribute Value Attribute Name Use (1) 12 local number Relation (2) 3 equal Position (3) 1 first in field Structure (4) 1 phrase Truncation (5) 100 do not truncate Completeness (6) 1 incomplete subfield
BL1.15. Date of Publication Search
Use: Searches for the year in which a resource is published.
The Date of Publication Use attribute must be used as a search limiter in conjunction with another operand (i.e., used to limit a search using other Use attribute values). Z-servers may reject a query that only includes the Date of Publication Use attribute.
Attribute Type Attribute Value Attribute Name Use (1) 31 date of publication Relation (2) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 less than, less than or equal, equal, greater than or equal, greater than Position (3) 1 first in field Structure (4) 4 year Truncation (5) 100 do not truncate Completeness (6) 1 incomplete subfield
US1.5. Format of Material Search - Keyword [Note: This is a Bath Profile Level 2 search]
Uses: A limiting search based on format of material (e.g., book, cartographic material, visual materials, etc.).
Attribute Type Attribute Value Attribute Name Use (1) 1031 material-type Relation (2) 3 equal Position (3) 1 first in field Structure (4) 2 word Truncation (5) 100 do not truncate Completeness (6) 1 incomplete subfield NOTE: Do we want USE attribute 1001 Record Type for this Format search to differentiate this search from the Level 2 search for Material Type?
The Material-Type Use attribute must be used as a search delimiter in conjunction with another operand (i.e., used to limit a search using other Use Attribute values). Z-servers may reject a query that only includes the Material-Type Use Attribute. Searches will use a query term that is a 3-letter coded value associated with a Format. Clients will use the Format Code in a query, not the natural language text of the format. The table identifies codes that can be used in a query. The table also identifies sources of data in a MARC 21 record.