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National
Information Standards
Organization (NISO) |
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Developing a U.S. National Z39.50 Profile for Library Applications |
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National
Information Standards
Organization (NISO) |
|
|
Developing a U.S. National Z39.50 Profile for Library Applications |
The U.S. National Z39.50 Profile for Library Applications
DRAFT
Preliminary Specifications for Review by
SC AV Members
(December 31, 2000)
Status of this Document
At the November 2000 meeting, SC AV members arrived at a number of decisions regarding preliminary specifications for the U.S. National Z39.50 Profile for Library Applications. This document lays out the specifications on which SC AV has tentatively agreed. It is for review and discussion by the committee at the January 2001 meeting in Washington, DC. Based on those discussions, this document will be revised and expanded for a second round of review by the committee.
Functional Area A: Basic Bibliographic Search and Retrieval in Online Library Catalogs
This area specifies several levels of conformance for clients and servers. Each level inherits the specifications from the Bath Profile. Differences that may exist between the U.S. National and the Bath Profiles are indicated by noting Bath and U.S. specifications.
Level 0 Searching Requirements
Level 0 searching requires the following bib-1 Attributes Types and Values:
Attribute Type Attribute Values Attribute Names Use (1) 4, 21, 1003, 1016 title, subject heading, author, any Relation (2) 3 equal Position (3) 3 any position in field Structure (4) 2, 101 word, normalized Truncation (5) 100 do not truncate Completeness (6) 1 incomplete subfield
Combinations of these Attributes Types and Values express the semantics of the Level 0 searches detailed below:
Bath Level 0 (BL0) Search
BL0.1. Author Search — Precision Match for Established Name Heading
Use: Searches for complete word(s), as ordered in the query, in fields that contain a name of a person or entity responsible for a resource. The search term may appear anywhere in the field as long as the order is preserved. Makes no assumption about whether the search term is in an authorized or unauthorized form (i.e., makes no attempt to reprocess the term before attempting a match against the specified indexes that contain names in authorized form that may have been established according to cataloging rules such as AACR2 ). Example: the search term "aardt, j" will retrieve resources indexed "Aardt, J", "Aardt J.H.A.", and "Van Aardt, J." but not "Aardt, Jan." Z-clients should formulate this search using the comma to separate surname and firstname (e.g., aardt, j).
Attribute Type Attribute Values Attribute Names Use (1) 1003 author Relation (2) 3 equal Position (3) 3 any position in field Structure (4) 101 normalized Truncation (5) 100 do not truncate Completeness (6) 1 incomplete subfield
BL0.2. Title Search — Keyword
Use: Searches for complete word in a title of a resource.
Attribute Type Attribute Values Attribute Names Use (1) 4 title Relation (2) 3 equal Position (3) 3 any position in field Structure (4) 2 word Truncation (5) 100 do not truncate Completeness (6) 1 incomplete subfield
BL0.3. Subject Search — Keyword
Use: Searches for complete word in subject fields in a record.
Attribute Type Attribute Values Attribute Name Use (1) 21 subject heading Relation (2) 3 equal Position (3) 3 any position in field Structure (4) 2 word Truncation (5) 100 do not truncate Completeness (6) 1 incomplete subfield
BL0.4. Any Search — Keyword
Use: Searches for complete word in fields that are commonly used as access points (as defined by the server). Any searches comprising more than one keyword are interpreted in such a way that the terms may exist in the same or different attributes.
Example: a search on "Dickens AND Twist" might conceivably find "Dickens" in the Author Use Attribute (1003) and "Twist" in the Title Use Attribute (4).
Attribute Type Attribute Values Attribute Name Use (1) 1016 any Relation (2) 3 equal Position (3) 3 any position in field Structure (4) 2 word Truncation (5) 100 do not truncate Completeness (6) 1 incomplete subfield
U.S. Level 0 (US0) Search [Proposed]
US0.5. Author Search — Keyword [Note: This is a Level 1 search in the Bath Profile]
Use: Searches for complete word in fields that contain the name of a person or entity responsible for a resource.
Attribute Type Attribute Values Attribute Names Use (1) 1003 author Relation (2) 3 equal Position (3) 3 any position in field Structure (4) 2 word Truncation (5) 100 do not truncate Completeness (6) 1 incomplete subfield
Level 1 Searching Requirements
Level 1 searching requirements inherits all searches defined in Level 0 and 1, and requires the following bib-1 Attributes Types and Values:
Attribute Type Attribute Values Attribute Names Use (1) 4, 7, 8, 21, 31, 54, 1003, 1007, 1016, 1031 title, ISBN, ISSN, subject heading, date of publication, code-language, author, identifier-standard, any, material-type Relation (2) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 less than, less than or equal, equal, greater than or equal, greater than Position (3) 1, 3 first in field, any position in field Structure (4) 1, 2, 4, 101 phrase, word, year, normalized Truncation (5) 1, 100 right truncation, do not truncate Completeness (6) 1, 3 incomplete subfield, complete field
Combinations of these Attributes Types and Values express the semantics of the Level 1 searches detailed below:
Bath Level 1 (BL1) Search
[Note: The Bath Profile Level 1 Author Search -- Keyword is defined as a U.S. Level 0 search and is therefore not listed here.]
BL1.1. Author Search — Precision Match for Established Name Heading with Right TruncationUse: Searches for complete word(s) in order specified in fields that contain a name of a person or entity responsible for a resource. The words as specified may appear anywhere in the field as long as the order is preserved. Makes no assumption about whether the search term is in an authorized or unauthorized form (i.e., makes no attempt to reprocess the term before attempting a match against the specified indexes that contain names in authorized form that may have been established according to cataloging rules such as AACR2 ). Example: the search term "aardt j" will retrieve resources indexed "Aardt, J", "Aardt J.H.A.", "Van Aardt, J." and "Aardt, Jan."
Attribute Type Attribute Values Attribute Names Use (1) 1003 author Relation (2) 3 equal Position (3) 3 any position in field Structure (4) 101 normalized Truncation (5) 1 right truncation Completeness (6) 1 incomplete subfield
BL1.2. Author Search — Keyword with Right Truncation
Use: Searches for complete word beginning with the specified character string in fields that contain the name of a person or entity responsible for a resource.
Attribute Type Attribute Values Attribute Names Use (1) 1003 author Relation (2) 3 equal Position (3) 3 any position in field Structure (4) 2 word Truncation (5) 1 right truncation Completeness (6) 1 incomplete subfield
BL1.3. Author Search — Exact Match
Use: Searches for the complete string as specified in fields that contain a name of a person or entity responsible for a resource. This search is needed to conduct a follow-up search when the user selects terms from an author index (e.g., from a Scan).
Attribute Type Attribute Values Attribute Names Use (1) 1003 author Relation (2) 3 equal Position (3) 1 first in field Structure (4) 1 phrase Truncation (5) 100 do not truncate Completeness (6) 3 complete field
BL1.4. Title Search — Keyword with Right Truncation
Use: Searches for complete word beginning with the specified character string in fields that contain a title of a resource.
Attribute Type Attribute Values Attribute Names Use (1) 4 title Relation (2) 3 equal Position (3) 3 any position in field Structure (4) 2 word Truncation (5) 1 right truncation Completeness (6) 1 incomplete subfield
BL1.5. Title Search — Exact Match
Use: Searches in fields that contain a title of a resource for an exact match on the complete string as specified. This search is useful for one or two word titles, often serials, where a less precise search may retrieve a very large result set. This search is also needed to conduct a follow-up search when the user selects terms from a full title index (e.g., from a Scan).
Note: The exact match title search may result in zero results if the server indexes an entire field including the statement of responsibility (i.e., information about the person(s) or entities responsible for the intellectual creation of the resource).
Attribute Type Attribute Values Attribute Names Use (1) 4 title Relation (2) 3 equal Position (3) 1 first in field Structure (4) 1 phrase Truncation (5) 100 do not truncate Completeness (6) 3 complete field
BL1.6. Title Search — First Words in Field
Use: Searches for complete word(s) in the order specified in fields that contain a title of a resource. The field must begin with the specified character string. This search is useful when the beginning words in a title are known to the user.
Attribute Type Attribute Values Attribute Names Use (1) 4 title Relation (2) 3 equal Position (3) 1 first in field Structure (4) 1 phrase Truncation (5) 100 do not truncate Completeness (6) 1 incomplete subfield
BL1.7. Title Search — First Characters in Field
Use: Searches for the specified character string in fields that contain a title of a resource. The field must begin with the specified character string. This search is useful when the beginning words in a title are known to the user but the users is not sure of the form or spelling of a particular word. For example, 'cat behav' will retrieve resources with titles beginning 'cat behavior' or 'cat behaviour'.
Attribute Type Attribute Values Attribute Names Use (1) 4 title Relation (2) 3 equal Position (3) 1 first in field Structure (4) 1 phrase Truncation (5) 1 right truncation Completeness (6) 1 incomplete subfield
BL1.8. Subject Search — Keyword with Right Truncation
Use: Searches for complete word beginning with the specified character string in subject fields of a record.
Attribute Type Attribute Values Attribute Name Use (1) 21 subject heading Relation (2) 3 equal Position (3) 3 any position in field Structure (4) 2 word Truncation (5) 1 right truncation Completeness (6) 1 incomplete subfield
BL1.9. Subject Search — Exact Match
Use: Searches in subject fields for the complete string as specified. This search is useful for limiting searches to a precise subject, especially where fields contain subheadings. This search is needed to conduct a follow-up search when the user selects terms from a subject heading index (e.g., from a Scan).
Attribute Type Attribute Values Attribute Names Use (1) 21 subject heading Relation (2) 3 equal Position (3) 1 first in field Structure (4) 1 phrase Truncation (5) 100 do not truncate Completeness (6) 3 complete field
BL1.10. Subject Search — First Words in Field
Use: Searches for complete word(s) in the order specified in subject fields. The field must begin with the specified character string. This search is useful when the searcher knows the main subject heading but not sub-headings.
Attribute Type Attribute Values Attribute Names Use (1) 21 subject heading Relation (2) 3 equal Position (3) 1 first in field Structure (4) 1 phrase Truncation (5) 100 do not truncate Completeness (6) 1 incomplete subfield
BL1.11. Subject Search — First Characters in Field
Use: Searches for the specified character string in subject fields. The field must begin with the specified character string. This search is useful when the searcher wants to retrieve all headings beginning with a common stem. For example, 'catalog' will retrieve resources on 'cataloging', 'catalog cards', 'catalog use', etc.
Attribute Type Attribute Values Attribute Names Use (1) 21 subject heading Relation (2) 3 equal Position (3) 1 first in field Structure (4) 1 phrase Truncation (5) 1 right truncation Completeness (6) 1 incomplete subfield
BL1.12. Any Search — Keyword with Right Truncation
Use: Searches for complete word beginning with the specified character string in fields that are commonly used as access points (as defined by the server). Any searches comprising more than one keyword are interpreted in such a way that the terms may exist in the same or different attributes.
Example: a search on "Dick AND Twi" might conceivably find "Dickens" in the Author Use Attribute (1003) and "Twist" in the Title Use Attribute (4).
Attribute Type Attribute Values Attribute Name Use (1) 1016 any Relation (2) 3 equal Position (3) 3 any position in field Structure (4) 2 word Truncation (5) 1 right truncation Completeness (6) 1 incomplete subfield
BL1.13. Standard Identifier Search
Use: Searches standard identifiers such as ISBN, ISSN, Music Standard numbers, CODEN, Superintendent of Documents Item Number, etc., but does not identify a specific standard number scheme.
Attribute Type Attribute Values Attribute Names Use (1) 1007 identifier-standard Relation (2) 3 equal Position (3) 1 first in field Structure (4) 1 phrase Truncation (5) 100 do not truncate Completeness (6) 1 incomplete subfield
BL1.14. Date of Publication Search
Use: Searches for the year in which a resource is published.
The Date of Publication Use attribute must be used as a search limiter in conjunction with another operand (i.e., used to limit a search using other Use attribute values). Z-servers may reject a query that only includes the Date of Publication Use attribute.
Attribute Type Attribute Value Attribute Name Use (1) 31 date of publication Relation (2) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 less than, less than or equal, equal, greater than or equal, greater than Position (3) 1 first in field Structure (4) 4 year Truncation (5) 100 do not truncate Completeness (6) 1 incomplete subfield
U.S. Level 1 (US1) Search [Proposed]
US1.15. Author Search — First Character in Field (Left-Anchored with Truncation)
Use: Searches for the specified character string in author fields. The field must begin with the specified character string. This search is useful when the searcher wants to retrieve all names beginning with a common stem.
Attribute Type Attribute Values Attribute Names Use (1) 1003 author Relation (2) 3 equal Position (3) 1 first in field Structure (4) 1 phrase Truncation (5) 1 right truncation Completeness (6) 1 incomplete subfield
US1.16. ISBN Search
Use: Searches for a complete ISBN.
Attribute Type Attribute Value Attribute Name Use (1) 7 ISBN Relation (2) 2 equal Position (3) 1 first in field Structure (4) 1 phrase Truncation (5) 100 do not truncate Completeness (6) 1 incomplete subfield
US1.17. ISSN Search
Use: Searches for a complete ISSN.
Attribute Type Attribute Value Attribute Name Use (1) 8 ISSN Relation (2) 2 equal Position (3) 1 first in field Structure (4) 1 phrase Truncation (5) 100 do not truncate Completeness (6) 1 incomplete subfield
US1.18. Format/Type of Material Search - Keyword
Use: Searches for descriptions of the material type of an item (i.e., computer file, sound recording, cassette, etc.).
The Material-Type Use attribute must be used as a search delimiter in conjunction with another
operand (i.e., used to limit a search using other Use Attribute values). Z-servers may reject a query that only includes the Material-Type Use Attribute.
Attribute Type Attribute Value Attribute Name Use (1) 1031 material-type Relation (2) 2 equal Position (3) 1 first in field Structure (4) 2 word Truncation (5) 100 do not truncate Completeness (6) 1 incomplete subfield
US1.19. Format/Type of Material Search - Phrase
Use: Searches for descriptions of the material type(s) of an item (i.e., computer file, sound recording, cassette, etc.).
The Material-Type Use attribute must be used as a search delimiter in conjunction with another operand (i.e., used to limit a search using other Use Attribute values). Z-servers may reject a query that only includes the Material-Type Use Attribute.
Attribute Type Attribute Value Attribute Name Use (1) 1031 material-type Relation (2) 2 equal Position (3) 1 first in field Structure (4) 1 phrase Truncation (5) 1 right truncation Completeness (6) 1 incomplete subfield
US1.20. Language Search
Use: Searches for a code that indicates the language of the item. Code will be from the MARC21 Code list for languages.
The Language Use Attribute must be used as a search limiter in conjunction with another operand (i.e., used to limit a search using other Use Attribute values). Z-servers may reject a query that only includes the Language Use Attribute.
Attribute Type Attribute Value Attribute Name Use (1) 54 code-language Relation (2) 2 equal Position (3) 3 any position in field Structure (4) 2 word Truncation (5) 100 do not truncate Completeness (6) 1 incomplete subfield
Level 2 Searching Requirements [Proposed]
[Note: Level 2 searching was discussed at the first SC AV meeting. At this point, there is tentative agreement to accept the Bath Level 2 searches. However, several Bath Level 2 searches area defined as U.S. Level 1 searches (e.g., Format-Type, Language).
Level 2 searching requirements inherits all searches defined in Level 0 and 1, and requires the following bib-1 Attributes Types and Values:
Attribute Type Attribute Values Attribute Names Use (1) 31, 33 date of publication, title key Relation (2) 2, 104 equal, within position Position (3) 1, 3 first in field, any position in field Structure (4) 1, 2, 4 phrase, word, year Truncation (5) 1, 100 right truncation, do not truncate Completeness (6) 1, 3 incomplete subfield, complete field
Combinations of these Attributes Types and Values express the semantics of the Level 2 searches detailed below:
Bath Level 2 (BL2) Search
BL2.1. Key Title Search - Keyword
Uses: Searches for complete word in the key title of a periodical.
Attribute Type Attribute Values Attribute Names Use (1) 33 title key Relation (2) 2 equal Position (3) 1 any position in field Structure (4) 2 word Truncation (5) 100 do not truncate Completeness (6) 1 incomplete subfield
BL2.2. Key Title Search - Keyword with Right Truncation
Use: Searches for complete word beginning with the specified character string in fields that contain a key-title of a periodical.
Attribute Type Attribute Values Attribute Names Use (1) 33 title key Relation (2) 2 equal Position (3) 1 any position in field Structure (4) 2 word Truncation (5) 1 right truncation Completeness (6) 1 incomplete subfield
BL2.3. Key Title Search - Exact Match
Use: Searches in fields that contain a key title of a periodical for an exact match on the complete
string as specified. This search is useful for one or two word titles where a less precise search may
retrieve a very large result set.
Attribute Type Attribute Values Attribute Names Use (1) 33 title key Relation (2) 2 equal Position (3) 1 first position in field Structure (4) 1 phrase Truncation (5) 100 do not truncate Completeness (6) 3 complete field
BL2.4. Key Title Search - First Words in Field
Use: Searches for complete word(s) in the order specified in fields that contain a key title of a periodical. The field must begin with the specified character string. This search is useful when only the beginning words are known to the user.
Attribute Type Attribute Values Attribute Names Use (1) 33 title key Relation (2) 2 equal Position (3) 1 first position in field Structure (4) 1 phrase Truncation (5) 100 do not truncate Completeness (6) 1 incomplete subfield
BL2.5. Key Title Search - First Characters in Field
Use: Searches for the specified character string in fields that contain a key title of a periodical. The field must begin with the specified character string. This search is useful when the beginning words of a key title are known to the user but the user is not sure of the form or spelling of a particular word.
Attribute Type Attribute Values Attribute Names Use (1) 33 title key Relation (2) 2 equal Position (3) 1 first position in field Structure (4) 1 phrase Truncation (5) 1 right truncation Completeness (6) 1 incomplete subfield
BL2.6. Date of Publication Range Search
Use: Searches for items published between two specified dates.
The Date of Publication Use Attribute must be used as a search limiter in conjunction with another operand (i.e., used to limit a search using other Use Attribute values). Z-servers may reject a query that only includes the Date of Publication Use Attribute.
This search must be based on the Z39.50 Implementors Agreement #1 for Linear Range Searching ( see <http://lcweb.loc.gov/z3950/agency/agree/range.html>).
Attribute Type Attribute Values Attribute Names Use (1) 31 date of publication Relation (2) 104 within position Position (3) 1 any position in field Structure (4) 4 year Truncation (5) 100 do not truncate Completeness (6) 1 incomplete subfield
[end]
[Date Page Last Revised: December 29, 2000 ]